1 Department of Respiratory Care, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
2 Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Connected Health, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, PA.
3 Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Leonard Davis Institute for Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. Electronic address: klaudanski@gmail.com.