Biosensors are small but smart devices responding to the external stimulus, widely used in many fields including clinical diagnosis, healthcare and environment monitoring, etc. Moreover, there is still a pressing need to fabricate sensitive, stable, reliable sensors at present. DNA origami technology is able to not only construct arbitrary shapes in two/three dimension but also control the arrangement of molecules with different functionalities precisely. The functionalization of DNA origami nanostructure endows the sensing system potential of filling in weak spots in traditional DNA-based biosensor. Herein, we mainly review the construction and sensing mechanisms of sensing platforms based on DNA origami nanostructure according to different signal output strategies. It will offer guidance for the application of DNA origami structures functionalized by other materials. We also point out some promising directions for improving performance of biosensors.
Keywords: DNA nanotechnology; DNA origami; FRET; SERS; chirality; nanopore; sensor.