Indistinguishability and Negative Probabilities

Entropy (Basel). 2020 Jul 29;22(8):829. doi: 10.3390/e22080829.

Abstract

In this paper, we examined the connection between quantum systems' indistinguishability and signed (or negative) probabilities. We do so by first introducing a measure-theoretic definition of signed probabilities inspired by research in quantum contextuality. We then argue that ontological indistinguishability leads to the no-signaling condition and negative probabilities.

Keywords: contextuality; indistinguishability; negative probabilities; quantum ontology; quasi-set theory; signed measure.