External temperature sensor assisted a new low power photoplethysmography readout system for accurate measurement of the bio-signs

Rajeev Kumar Pandey; Paul C-P Chao

doi:10.1007/s00542-020-05106-y

External temperature sensor assisted a new low power photoplethysmography readout system for accurate measurement of the bio-signs

Microsyst Technol. 2021;27(6):2315-2343. doi: 10.1007/s00542-020-05106-y. Epub 2020 Nov 27.

Authors

Rajeev Kumar Pandey¹, Paul C-P Chao²

Affiliations

¹ EECS International Graduate Program, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300 Taiwan.
² Department of Electrical Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300 Taiwan.

Abstract

This study presents an external temperature sensor assisted a new low power, time-interleave, wide dynamic range, and low DC drift photoplethysmography (PPG) signal acquisition system to obtain the accurate measurement of various bio signs in real-time. The designed chip incorporates a 2-bit control programmable transimpedance amplifier (TIA), a high order filter, a 3:8 programmable gain amplifier (PGA) and 2 × 2 organic light-emitting diode (OLED) driver. Temperature sensor is used herein to compensate the adverse effect of low-skin-temperature on the PPG signal quality. The analog front-end circuit is implemented in the integrated chip with chip area of 2008 μm × 1377 μm and fabricated via TSMC T18 process. With the standard 1.8 V, the experimental result shows that the measured current sensing range is 20 nA-100 uA. The measured dynamic range of the designed readout circuit is 80 dB. The estimated signal to noise ratio is 60 dB@1 uA, and the measured input referred noise is 60.2 pA/Hz^½. The total power consumption of the designed chip is 31.32 µW (readout) + 1.62 mW (OLED driver@100% duty cycle). The non-invasive PPG sensor is applied to the wrist artery of the 40 healthy subjects for sensing the pulsation of the blood vessel. The experimental results show that for every 1 °C decrease in mean ambient temperature tends to 0.06 beats/min, 0.125 mmHg and 0.063 mmHg increase in hear rate (HR), systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP), respectively. Similarly, for every 1 °C increase in mean ambient temperature tends to 0.13 beats/min, 0.601 mmHg and 0.121 mmHg increase in HR, SBP and DBP, respectively. The measured accuracy and standard error for the HR estimation are 96%, and - 0.022 ± 2.589 beats/minute, respectively. The oxygen stauration (S_pO₂) measurement results shows that the mean absolute percentage error is less than 5%. The resultant errors for the SBP and DBP measurement are - 0.318 ± 5.19 mmHg and - 0.5 ± 1.91 mmHg, respectively.