1 William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, England; University College London (UCL), London, England; UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (UCLH), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), London, England. Electronic address: angela.mcnelly@qmul.ac.uk.
2 Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, England; Department of Critical Care, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, England; King's College London (KCL), NIHR BRC, London, England.
3 King's College London (KCL), NIHR BRC, London, England; Lane Fox Clinical Respiratory Physiology Research Centre, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, England.
4 Lane Fox Clinical Respiratory Physiology Research Centre, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, England.
5 University College London (UCL), London, England.
6 King's College Hospital, London, England.
7 University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom.
8 UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (UCLH), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), London, England.
9 Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, England.
10 Blackpool Victoria Hospital, Blackpool, England.
11 University Hospitals of North Midlands, Stoke-on-Trent, England.
12 Department of Surgery and School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
13 Department of Surgery and School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
14 Medical Research Council/Arthritis Research, UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Aging, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England.
15 University College London (UCL), London, England; UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (UCLH), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), London, England.
16 William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, England; Adult Critical Care Unit, Royal London Hospital, London, England.