Changes in volatile compounds of grape pomace distillate (Italian grappa) during one-year ageing in oak and cherry barrels

Abstract

The Italian grape pomace distillate grappa is often refined by ageing in wooden barrels. Chemical changes of the volatile profile of two samples produced from a Cabernet Sauvignon/Merlot blend and Prosecco pomace both at two ethanol contents (55% and 68%) were studied during one-year ageing in cherry and oak barriques. Grappa variety, ethanol content and barrel type strongly affected the volatiles profile of the distillates. Oak-aged grappa contained 10-fold the wood volatiles of the cherry-aged one, but the latter had higher levels of syringaldehyde, coniferaldehyde, and 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenol; 55% ethanol extracted higher levels of wood compounds and ethoxy-compounds were higher in the 68%-ethanol distillates. Prosecco grappa extracted higher wood compounds and showed no significant changes in the levels of fruity/floral esters and terpenols. Findings of this study can be also useful in the development of new ageing processes of distillates for which cherry barrels are still not used (e.g., brandy and whisky).

Keywords: 3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenol (PubChem CID: 69505); Ageing; Coniferaldehyde (PubChem CID: 5280536); Distillate; Ethyl decanoate (PubChem CID: 8048); Ethyl hexanoate (PubChem CID: 31265); Ethyl octanoate (PubChem CID: 7799); Geraniol (PubChem CID: 637566); Grappa; Linalool (PubChem CID: 6549); Mass spectrometry; Syringaldehyde (PubChem CID: 8655); Vanillin (PubChem CID: 1183); Volatile compounds; Wood barrel; α-Terpineol (PubChem CID: 17100).