The Presence and Accessibility of Competitive Resources Affect Trapping Efficiency of Spotted-Wing Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

Abstract

Spotted-wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii, (Matsumura)) is an invasive vinegar fly that has become a serious threat to soft fruit crops. Monitoring for this pest is typically performed using drowning traps baited with live yeast cultures or fermentation volatile blends. Trapping programs using these compounds provide highly variable results across production systems, geographic regions, and growing seasons. Trap competition with fruit is one hypothesis for this inconsistency. This study evaluated the trapping efficiency of yeast and wine baits in the presence and absence of small quantities of host fruits in two binary-choice laboratory experiments. The first experiment evaluated trap capture in clear 946-ml traps with easily accessible water, apple pomace, blueberry, raspberry, strawberry, cherry, or grape as competitive influences. The second experiment evaluated the same competitors, but they were made less accessible. Recapture of flies in arenas containing competitive fruit was reduced by 64-88% when fruit was 'accessible' and from 0 to 51% when it was 'inaccessible' compared with arenas containing a water competitor. All fruit types provided statistically similar levels of trap interference. In the first experiment, yeast captured more flies compared with wine, whereas in the second experiment, wine captured more flies than yeast. Our results support the hypothesis that the presence of fruit or other reproductive resources will reduce trap captures and that this reduction is likely mediated by the relative accessibility of the fruit versus the trap. Thus, attempts to develop population estimates based on traps should incorporate fruit availability/accessibility.

Keywords: soft fruit; spotted wing drosophila; trapping; wine; yeast.