Type 2 Diabetes Correlates with Comorbidity and Nutritional Status but Not with Functional Health in Geriatric Ward Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study in Poland

Zyta Beata Wojszel; Lukasz Magnuszewski

doi:10.2147/DMSO.S279388

Type 2 Diabetes Correlates with Comorbidity and Nutritional Status but Not with Functional Health in Geriatric Ward Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study in Poland

Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2020 Nov 26:13:4599-4607. doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S279388. eCollection 2020.

Authors

Zyta Beata Wojszel^{1

2}, Lukasz Magnuszewski^{2

3}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Geriatrics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
² Department of Geriatrics, Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration in Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
³ Doctoral Studies, Department of Geriatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.

Abstract

Purpose: The study aimed to assess the comorbidity profile, functional, and nutritional health in geriatric ward patients depending on their type 2 diabetes (DM) status.

Patients and methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of 416 patients - median age 82 years (IQR 77-86), 77.4% female, 96.9% community-dwelling - consecutively admitted to the geriatric ward at the turn of 2014 and 2015. Comprehensive geriatric assessment results were analyzed (including self-care and instrumental activities of daily living, cognitive abilities, emotional health, risk of falls, frailty status, dynapenia, nutritional health, morbidity, biochemical parameters, and pharmacotherapy).

Results: DM was observed in 126 (30.3%) patients hospitalized in the study period; 4% of DM cases were newly diagnosed. In comparison to patients without DM, older adults with type 2 DM were significantly more frequently burdened with multimorbidity (61.1% versus 39.7%, P<0.001), polypharmacy (88.9% versus 74.7%, P=0.001), obesity (59.8% versus 34.5%, P<0.001), abdominal obesity (94.4% versus 75.5%, P<001), chronic kidney disease (61.1% versus 48.6%, P=0.02) and cardiovascular diseases: ischemic heart disease (66.7% versus 47.9%, P<0.001), congestive heart failure (50.0% versus 34.1%, P=0.002), atrial fibrillation (30.2% versus 20.7%, P=0.04) and peripheral arterial disease (24.6% versus 11.4%, p<0.001). There were no significant differences in all functional parameters evaluated.

Conclusion: Type 2 DM patients were significantly more often burdened with multimorbidity, polypharmacy, obesity, and had an unfavorable profile of cardiovascular diseases than patients without DM, but - contrary to our expectations - they did not differ in any functional characteristic assessed. However, this may be due to the geriatric ward patients' specificity of health problems in the advanced, more complex disablement process phases.

Keywords: chronic diseases; comprehensive geriatric assessment; diabetes; disability; geriatric department; multimorbidity; obesity; older adults.