Eosinophilic esophagitis: from pathophysiology to management

Minerva Gastroenterol (Torino). 2022 Mar;68(1):40-48. doi: 10.23736/S2724-5985.20.02780-4. Epub 2020 Dec 3.

Abstract

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) incidence and prevalence have sharply increased in the last decade; so, the management of these patients is changing rapidly. Standard regimens as elimination diet, proton pump inhibitors and topical swallowed steroids are not able to achieve remission in all patients. Moreover, loss of efficacy and safety concerns for long-term medical treatments are rising questions. As for other chronic immune-mediated diseases, biologics have been evaluated for the treatment of EoE. Several targets in the Th2-mediated inflammatory cascade with eosinophilic mucosal infiltration, have been tested with alternating results. This review provides a comprehensive discussion of the available studies evaluating biologics in EoE and the possible future options most desirable for these patients.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Enteritis*
  • Eosinophilic Esophagitis* / drug therapy
  • Eosinophilic Esophagitis* / epidemiology
  • Gastritis*
  • Humans
  • Proton Pump Inhibitors / therapeutic use
  • Steroids

Substances

  • Proton Pump Inhibitors
  • Steroids