Data-Driven Dietary Patterns and Diet Quality Scores: Reproducibility and Consistency in Sex and Age Subgroups of Poles Aged 15-65 Years

Joanna Kowalkowska; Lidia Wadolowska; Jolanta Czarnocinska; Grzegorz Galinski; Anna Dlugosz; Dorota Loboda; Magdalena Czlapka-Matyasik

doi:10.3390/nu12123598

Data-Driven Dietary Patterns and Diet Quality Scores: Reproducibility and Consistency in Sex and Age Subgroups of Poles Aged 15-65 Years

Nutrients. 2020 Nov 24;12(12):3598. doi: 10.3390/nu12123598.

Authors

Joanna Kowalkowska¹, Lidia Wadolowska¹, Jolanta Czarnocinska², Grzegorz Galinski², Anna Dlugosz³, Dorota Loboda⁴, Magdalena Czlapka-Matyasik²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Human Nutrition, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Słoneczna 45F, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland.
² Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznan, Poland.
³ Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, University of Technology and Life Sciences in Bydgoszcz, Seminaryjna 3, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
⁴ Institute of Health, University of Economy in Bydgoszcz, Garbary 2, 85-229 Bydgoszcz, Poland.

Abstract

This study aimed to assess: (i) the test-retest reproducibility of identification of data-driven dietary patterns (DPs) derived using a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and hypothesis-driven DPs (diet quality scores); (ii) the consistency of data-driven DPs with diet quality scores in sex and age subgroups of Poles aged 15-65 years. The study involved 504 subjects (55.6% of females). Data on food consumption frequency (33 food items) were collected twice with a two-week interval using the Dietary Habits and Nutrition Beliefs Questionnaire (KomPAN^®) in a self-administered version (test and retest). Two major data-driven DPs ('Prudent' and 'Western') were identified in the total sample, sex groups and four age groups separately from test and retest data. Two diet quality scores were analysed: Pro-Healthy-Diet-Index-10 (pHDI-10) and Non-Healthy-Diet-Index-14 (nHDI-14). Tucker's congruence coefficient indicated fair-to-good similarity of data-driven DPs between test and retest for all study subgroups, except for males. Across study subgroups, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between the test and retest ranged from 0.56 to 0.86 for 'Prudent' DP and 0.57 to 0.82 for 'Western' DP, with the lowest values in males. The ICC (test vs. retest) ranged from 0.84 to 0.88 for pHDI-10 and 0.75 to 0.88 for nHDI-14. Comparing the data-driven DPs and diet quality scores, the Spearman's correlations ranged from 0.63 to 0.93 between 'Prudent' DP and pHDI-10, and from 0.60 to 0.81 between 'Western' DP and nHDI-14. The test-retest reproducibility of data-driven DPs and diet quality scores and their consistency were acceptable in most of the study subgroups, with a tendency to be higher for pro-health than unhealthy DPs. Data-driven DPs were more reproducible in females than males. The reproducibility of diet quality scores tended to be better in males than females and was the highest in 25-44-year-olds. The KomPAN^® questionnaire can be recommended to use data-driven DPs and diet quality scores to describe the habitual diet in people aged 15-65 years.

Keywords: FFQ; PCA; adolescents; adults; diet quality; dietary assessment; dietary pattern; reliability; reproducibility.

MeSH terms

Adolescent
Adult
Age Factors
Aged
Cross-Sectional Studies
Diet / methods*
Diet / statistics & numerical data*
Feeding Behavior*
Female
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Nutritional Status*
Poland
Principal Component Analysis
Reproducibility of Results
Sex Factors
Surveys and Questionnaires
Young Adult

Grants and funding

010/RID/2018/19/Minister of Science and Higher Education