Flexible and reusable carbon nano-fibre membranes for airborne contaminants capture

Riyadh Al-Attabi; Yosry Morsi; Jürg A Schütz; David Cornu; Maxime Maghe; Ludovic F Dumée

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142231

Flexible and reusable carbon nano-fibre membranes for airborne contaminants capture

Sci Total Environ. 2021 Feb 1:754:142231. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142231. Epub 2020 Sep 4.

Authors

Riyadh Al-Attabi¹, Yosry Morsi², Jürg A Schütz³, David Cornu⁴, Maxime Maghe⁵, Ludovic F Dumée⁶

Affiliations

¹ Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia; Deakin University, Institute for Frontier Materials, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia; Middle Technical University, Al-Za'franiya, Baghdad 10074, Iraq.
² Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia.
³ CSIRO Manufacturing, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia.
⁴ Institut Europeen des Membranes, UMR 5635, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France.
⁵ Carbon Nexus, Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia.
⁶ Deakin University, Institute for Frontier Materials, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia. Electronic address: ludovic.dumee@deakin.edu.au.

PMID: 33254856
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142231

Abstract

Airborne aerosol pollutants generated from combustion vehicles exhausts, industrial facilities and microorganisms represent serious health challenges. Although membrane separation has emerged as a technique of choice for airborne contaminants removal, allowing for both size exclusion and surface adsorption. Here, electrospun carbon nanofibre mats were formed from poly(acrylonitrile) by systematic stabilization and carbonization processes to generate flexible and self-standing membranes for air filtration. The great mechanical flexibility of the electrospun carbon-nanofibre membranes was achieved through extreme quenching conditions on a carbon fibre processing line, allowing for complete carbonization in just 3 min. The carbonized nanofibre membranes, with fibre diameters in the range of 218 to 565 nm exhibited modulus of elasticity around 277.5 MPa. The samples exhibited air filtration efficiencies in the range of 97.2 to 99.4% for aerosol particle in the size of 300 nm based on face velocity, higher than benchmark commercial glass fibre (GF) air filters. The carbonized electrospun nanofibre membranes also yielded excellent thermal stability withstanding temperatures up to 450 °C, thus supporting the development of autoclavable and recyclable membranes. This significant and scalable strategy provides opportunities to mass-produce reusable air filters suitable for otherwise complex airborne pollutants, including volatile organic carbons and bio-contaminants, such as viruses.

Keywords: Air filtration; Carbon nanofibre; Particle matter; Sterilizable membrane; Thermally resistant membranes.