Outcomes and clinical practice in patients with COVID-19 admitted to the intensive care unit in Montréal, Canada: a descriptive analysis

CMAJ Open. 2020 Nov 24;8(4):E788-E795. doi: 10.9778/cmajo.20200159. Print 2020 Oct-Dec.

Abstract

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is responsible for millions of infections worldwide, and a substantial number of these patients will be admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Our objective was to describe the characteristics, outcomes and management of critically ill patients with COVID-19 pneumonia at a single designated pandemic centre in Montréal, Canada.

Methods: A descriptive analysis was performed on consecutive critically ill patients with COVID-19 pneumonia admitted to the ICU at the Jewish General Hospital, a designated pandemic centre in Montréal, between Mar. 5 and May 21, 2020. Complete follow-up data corresponding to death or discharge from hospital health records were included to Aug. 4, 2020. We summarized baseline characteristics, management and outcomes, including mortality.

Results: A total of 106 patients were included in this study. Twenty-one patients (19.8%) died during their hospital stay, and the ICU mortality was 17.0% (18/106); all patients were discharged home or died, except for 4 patients (2 awaiting a rehabilitation bed and 2 awaiting long-term care). Twelve of 65 patients (18.5%) requiring mechanical ventilation died. Prone positioning was used in 29 patients (27.4%), including in 10 patients who were spontaneously breathing; no patient was placed on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. High-flow nasal cannula was used in 51 patients (48.1%). Acute kidney injury was the most common complication, seen in 20 patients (18.9%), and 12 patients (11.3%) required renal replacement therapy. A total of 53 patients (50.0%) received corticosteroids.

Interpretation: Our cohort of critically ill patients with COVID-19 had lower mortality than that previously described in other jurisdictions. These findings may help guide critical care decision-making in similar health care systems in further COVID-19 surges.

Publication types

  • Observational Study

MeSH terms

  • Acute Kidney Injury / epidemiology
  • Acute Kidney Injury / therapy
  • Adrenal Cortex Hormones / therapeutic use
  • Aged
  • COVID-19 / diagnosis*
  • COVID-19 / epidemiology
  • COVID-19 / mortality
  • COVID-19 / virology
  • Canada / epidemiology
  • Cannula / statistics & numerical data
  • Cohort Studies
  • Critical Illness / mortality*
  • Critical Illness / nursing
  • Female
  • Hospitalization / statistics & numerical data
  • Humans
  • Intensive Care Units / statistics & numerical data*
  • Length of Stay / statistics & numerical data
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Practice Patterns, Physicians' / trends
  • Prone Position
  • Renal Replacement Therapy / methods
  • Respiration, Artificial / mortality
  • Respiration, Artificial / statistics & numerical data
  • Retrospective Studies
  • SARS-CoV-2 / genetics*
  • Treatment Outcome

Substances

  • Adrenal Cortex Hormones