Ozonolysis of unsaturated organic species with water produces α-hydroxyalkyl-hydroperoxides (α-HHs), which are reactive intermediates that lead to the formation of H2O2 and multifunctionalized species in atmospheric condensed phases. Here, we report temperature-dependent rate coefficients (k) for the aqueous-phase decomposition of α-terpineol α-HHs at 283-318 K and terpinen-4-ol α-HHs at 313-328 K. The temporal profiles of α-HH signals, detected as chloride adducts by negative-ion electrospray mass spectrometry, showed single-exponential decay, and the derived first-order k for α-HH decomposition increased as temperature increased, e.g., k(288 K) = (4.7 ± 0.2) × 10-5, k(298 K) = (1.5 ± 0.4) × 10-4, k(308 K) = (3.4 ± 0.9) × 10-4, k(318 K) = (1.0 ± 0.2) × 10-3 s-1 for α-terpineol α-HHs at pH 6.1. Arrhenius plot analysis yielded activation energies of 17.9 ± 0.7 (pH 6.1) and 17.1 ± 0.2 kcal mol-1 (pH 6.2) for the decomposition of α-terpineol and terpinen-4-ol α-HHs, respectively. Activation energies of 18.6 ± 0.2 and 19.2 ± 0.5 kcal mol-1 were also obtained for the decomposition of α-terpineol α-HHs in acidified water at pH 5.3 and 4.5, respectively. Theoretical kinetic and thermodynamic calculations confirmed that both water-catalyzed and proton-catalyzed mechanisms play important roles in the decomposition of these α-HHs. The relatively strong temperature dependence of k suggests that the lifetime of these α-HHs in aqueous phases (e.g., aqueous aerosols, fog, cloud droplets, wet films) is controlled not only by the water content and pH but also by the temperature of these media.