A novel Schmallenberg virus subunit vaccine candidate protects IFNAR-/- mice against virulent SBV challenge

Sci Rep. 2020 Nov 23;10(1):18725. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-73424-2.

Abstract

Schmallenberg virus (SBV), an arthropod-transmitted pathogenic bunyavirus, continues to be a threat to the European livestock industry, causing morbidity and mortality among young ruminant livestock. Here, we describe a novel SBV subunit vaccine, based on bacterially expressed SBV nucleoprotein (SBV-N) administered with a veterinary-grade Saponin adjuvant. When assayed in an IFNAR-/- mouse model, SBV-N with Saponin induced strong non-neutralizing broadly virus-reactive antibodies, decreased clinical signs, as well as significantly reduced viremia. Vaccination assays also suggest that this level of immune protection is cell mediated, as evidenced by the lack of neutralizing antibodies, as well as interferon-γ secretion observed in vitro. Therefore, based on these results, bacterially expressed SBV-N, co-administered with veterinary-grade Saponin adjuvant may serve as a promising economical alternative to current SBV vaccines, and warrant further evaluation in large ruminant animal models. Moreover, we propose that this strategy may be applicable to other bunyaviruses.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adjuvants, Immunologic / administration & dosage
  • Animals
  • Antibodies, Viral / biosynthesis
  • Antibody Specificity
  • Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies / biosynthesis
  • Bunyaviridae Infections / immunology
  • Bunyaviridae Infections / prevention & control
  • Bunyaviridae Infections / veterinary
  • In Vitro Techniques
  • Interferon-gamma / metabolism
  • Lymphocyte Activation
  • Mice
  • Mice, Knockout
  • Orthobunyavirus / genetics
  • Orthobunyavirus / immunology*
  • Orthobunyavirus / pathogenicity*
  • Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta / deficiency
  • Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta / genetics
  • Ruminants
  • Saponins / administration & dosage
  • Vaccines, Subunit / administration & dosage
  • Vaccines, Subunit / genetics
  • Vaccines, Subunit / immunology
  • Viral Vaccines / administration & dosage
  • Viral Vaccines / genetics
  • Viral Vaccines / immunology*

Substances

  • Adjuvants, Immunologic
  • Antibodies, Viral
  • Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies
  • Ifnar1 protein, mouse
  • Saponins
  • Vaccines, Subunit
  • Viral Vaccines
  • Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta
  • Interferon-gamma