As an important biological technology, stem cell technology has been being widely used in the life sciences for a long time. There are three major ways to obtain stem cells with unlimited proliferation and differentiation capabilities, including 1) isolating embryonic stem cells (ESCs) from embryos, 2) isolating adult stem cells from adult tissues, and 3) in vitro reprogramming of differentiated somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). In the field of agriculture, the efficient purification, culture and establishment of livestock and poultry stem cell lines are expected to significantly improve the efficiency of somatic cell cloning and genetic modification of cells. The technology of stem cell induced-gamete production will greatly simplify the generation process, and consequently improve the generation efficiency of genetically modified animals. In addition, by combining with gene editing, microinjection, stem cell transplantation, and embryo transfer, stem cell technology has great potential in the production of genetically modified animals, tissue and organ donors, in vitro induced gametes and genetically reconstructed embryos, in the screening of disease treatment targets, and in the research of new drug pharmacology, which is of great significance to the genetic improvement, disease prevention and treatment for agricultural animals. In this review, we summarize the current research progress of stem cells in agricultural animals, including pig (Sus scrofa), cattle (Bos taurus), chicken (Gallus gallus), goat (Capra hircus) and sheep (Ovis aries), to provide information for the studies in the field of stem cells in agricultural animals.
干细胞技术是近年来被广泛应用于生命科学领域的重要技术。获取具有无限增殖能力和分化能力的干细胞系主要有3种途径：(1)从胚胎分离胚胎干细胞;(2)从成体组织分离成体干细胞;(3)通过体外诱导体细胞重编程为诱导多能干细胞。在农业领域中,畜禽干细胞的分离、培养、建系有望显著提升体细胞克隆和细胞水平基因修饰的效率;干细胞体外诱导配子技术能够极大简化基因编辑畜禽的制备流程,提升制备效率。同时,通过结合基因编辑、显微注射、干细胞移植、胚胎移植等技术,干细胞技术在基因编辑动物的生产、组织和器官的供体制备、体外配子诱导及遗传重组胚胎制备、疾病治疗靶点的筛选,以及新药药理研究等方面都具有极大的应用潜力,对农业动物的遗传改良、疾病防治具有重要意义。本文综述了干细胞相关研究在农业动物包括猪(Sus scrofa)、牛(Bos taurus)、鸡(Gallus gallus)、山羊(Capra hircus)和绵羊(Ovis aries)中的新进展,以期为农业动物干细胞领域的相关研究提供参考。.
Keywords: cattle; chicken; goat; pig; sheep; stem cell.