Abstract
Deimination (or citrullination) is a post-translational modification catalyzed by a calcium-dependent enzyme family of five peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs). Deimination is involved in physiological processes (cell differentiation, embryogenesis, innate and adaptive immunity, etc.) and in autoimmune diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and lupus), cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. Intermediate filaments (IF) and associated proteins (IFAP) are major substrates of PADs. Here, we focus on the effects of deimination on the polymerization and solubility properties of IF proteins and on the proteolysis and cross-linking of IFAP, to finally expose some features of interest and some limitations of citrullinomes.
Keywords:
citrullination; cytoskeleton; filaggrin; keratin; peptidylarginine deiminase; post-translational modification.
MeSH terms
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Arthritis, Rheumatoid / enzymology*
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Arthritis, Rheumatoid / genetics
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Arthritis, Rheumatoid / immunology
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Arthritis, Rheumatoid / pathology
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Cell Differentiation
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Citrullination
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Epithelial Cells / enzymology
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Epithelial Cells / pathology
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Filaggrin Proteins
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Humans
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Intermediate Filament Proteins / chemistry
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Intermediate Filament Proteins / genetics
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Intermediate Filament Proteins / metabolism*
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Intermediate Filaments / enzymology*
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Intermediate Filaments / ultrastructure
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells / enzymology
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells / pathology
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Multiple Sclerosis / enzymology*
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Multiple Sclerosis / genetics
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Multiple Sclerosis / immunology
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Multiple Sclerosis / pathology
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Neoplasms / enzymology*
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Neoplasms / genetics
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Neoplasms / immunology
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Neoplasms / pathology
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Neurodegenerative Diseases / enzymology*
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Neurodegenerative Diseases / genetics
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Neurodegenerative Diseases / immunology
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Neurodegenerative Diseases / pathology
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Neurons / enzymology
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Neurons / pathology
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Protein Multimerization
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Protein Processing, Post-Translational*
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Protein-Arginine Deiminases / chemistry
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Protein-Arginine Deiminases / genetics
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Protein-Arginine Deiminases / metabolism*
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Proteolysis
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Solubility
Substances
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FLG protein, human
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Filaggrin Proteins
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Intermediate Filament Proteins
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Protein-Arginine Deiminases