Transition programs for adolescents and young adults with spina bifida: A mixed-methods systematic review

Abstract

Aims: To identify the components of transition programs for the successful transition of adolescents and young adults with spina bifida and to synthesize the literature findings on the transition outcomes of the programs.

Design: Mixed-methods systematic review.

Data sources: PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Web of Science (January 2010-June 2019).

Review methods: The methodological quality was appraised using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool and Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Extracted data were summarized as tables. For data synthesis, a sequential explanatory design was used.

Results: Eight studies were selected. The main components of the transition programs identified the participants' characteristics and intervention strategies. Quantitative studies reported only positive transition outcomes, including independence and satisfaction with social support and transition experience, whereas negative outcomes such as negative experiences communicating with providers and uncertainty were further reported in qualitative studies.

Conclusion: For development and implementation of a successful transition program, it is necessary to assess the characteristics and needs of the participants and incorporate their needs with input from parents and trained healthcare providers.

Impact: When planning transition programs, a comprehensive effort that encompasses program development, implementation, and evaluation, based on developmental tasks and long-term perspectives, is needed. Transition program that reflect the cultural characteristics of Eastern and developing countries are needed.

Keywords: adolescent; nursing; spinal dysraphism; systematic review; transition; transitional care; young adult.