During 2017-2018, Barmah Forest virus was recovered from mosquitoes trapped in military training areas in Australia and from a soldier infected at 1 of these areas. Phylogenies of the nucleotide sequences of the envelope glycoprotein gene E2 and the 3' untranslated region suggest that 2 lineages are circulating in eastern Australia.
Keywords: Australia; Australian military; Barmah Forest virus; Togaviridae; alphaviruses; arboviruses; genetic sequencing; mosquito-borne diseases; phylogenies; reverse transcription PCR; vector-borne infections; viruses.