Caring for Older Adults With Vision Impairment and Dementia

Varshini Varadaraj; Shang-En Chung; Kayla S Swiatek; Orla C Sheehan; Ashley Deemer; Joshua R Ehrlich; Jennifer L Wolff; Lama Assi; David L Roth; Bonnielin K Swenor

doi:10.1093/geroni/igaa043

Caring for Older Adults With Vision Impairment and Dementia

Innov Aging. 2020 Sep 11;4(6):igaa043. doi: 10.1093/geroni/igaa043. eCollection 2020.

Authors

Varshini Varadaraj¹, Shang-En Chung², Kayla S Swiatek³, Orla C Sheehan^{2

4}, Ashley Deemer⁵, Joshua R Ehrlich^{6

7}, Jennifer L Wolff^{4

8}, Lama Assi¹, David L Roth², Bonnielin K Swenor¹

Affiliations

¹ Dana Center for Preventive Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins Wilmer Eye Institute, Baltimore, Maryland.
² Johns Hopkins University Center on Aging and Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
³ University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington.
⁴ Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
⁵ Lions Vision Research and Rehabilitation Center, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
⁶ Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Center for Eye Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
⁷ Institute for Health Care Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
⁸ Roger C. Lipitz Center for Integrated Health Care, and the Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.

Abstract

Background and objectives: Dementia and vision impairment (VI) are common among older adults but little is known about caregiving in this context.

Research design and methods: We used data from the 2011 National Health and Aging Trends Study, a nationally representative survey of Medicare beneficiaries, linked to their family/unpaid helpers from the National Study of Caregiving. Vision impairment was defined as self-reported blindness or difficulty with distance/near vision. Probable dementia was based on survey report, interviews, and cognitive tests. Our outcomes included hours of care provided, and number of valued activities (scored 0-4) affected by caregiving, per month.

Results: Among 1,776 caregivers, 898 (55.1%, weighted) assisted older adults without dementia or VI, 450 (21.9%) with dementia only, 224 (13.0%) with VI only, and 204 (10.0%) with dementia and VI. In fully adjusted negative binomial regression analyses, caregivers of individuals with dementia and VI spent 1.7 times as many hours (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.4-2.2) providing care than caregivers of those without either impairment; however, caregivers of individuals with dementia only (95% CI = 1.1-1.6) and VI only (95% CI = 1.1-1.6) spent 1.3 times more hours. Additionally, caregivers of individuals with dementia and VI had 3.2 times as many valued activities affected (95% CI = 2.2-4.6), while caregivers of dementia only and VI only reported 1.9 times (95% CI = 1.4-2.6) and 1.3 times (95% CI = 0.9-1.8) more activities affected, respectively.

Discussion and implications: Our results suggest that caring for older adults with VI involves similar time demands as caring for older adults with dementia, but that participation impacts are greater when caring for older adults with both dementia and VI.

Keywords: Caregivers stress; Caregiving—Informal; Vision loss.

Abstract

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