Cumulative impact of high job demands, low job control and high job insecurity on midlife depression and anxiety: a prospective cohort study of Australian employees

Occup Environ Med. 2020 Nov 18:oemed-2020-106840. doi: 10.1136/oemed-2020-106840. Online ahead of print.

Abstract

Objective: There is a lack of evidence concerning the prospective effect of cumulative exposure to psychosocial job stressors over time on mental ill-health. This study aimed to assess whether cumulative exposure to poor quality jobs places employees at risk of future common mental disorder.

Methods: Data were from the Personality and Total Health Through Life project (n=1279, age 40-46 at baseline). Data reported on the cumulative exposure to multiple indicators of poor psychosocial job quality over time (ie, a combination of low control, high demands and high insecurity) and future common mental disorder (ie, depressive and/or anxiety symptom scores above a validated threshold) 12 years later. Data were analysed using logistic regression models and controlled for potential confounders across the lifespan.

Results: Cumulative exposure to poor-quality work (particularly more secure work) on multiple occasions elevated the risk of subsequent common mental disorder, independent of social, health, verbal intelligence and personality trait confounders (OR=1.30, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.59).

Conclusions: Our findings show that cumulative exposure to poor psychosocial job quality over time independently predicts future common mental disorder-supporting the need for workplace interventions to prevent repeated exposure of poor quality work.

Keywords: mental health; occupational health practice.