Comorbid depression and its associated factors in patients with epilepsy treated with single and multiple drug therapy: A cross-sectional study from Himalayan country

Abstract

Introduction: Depressive disorder is the most common psychiatric comorbidity in individuals with epilepsy (IWE) and is associated with a significant negative impact with increased morbidity and mortality rate. However, the magnitude of comorbid depression in such patients in the Nepalese setting is still poorly understood. Therefore, we aimed to determine the magnitude of depression in individuals diagnosed as having epilepsy and further examine the influencing factors associated with it.

Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted from April 2018 to September 2018 at Nepal Epilepsy Center, Lazimpat, Kathmandu, Nepal. One hundred and forty-two eligible subjects were enrolled for analysis. The core outcome variable evaluated in this study was depressive disorder, whereas age, gender, types of epilepsy, frequency of seizures, duration of epilepsy, and drug use were evaluated as covariates. The mean ages of the patients were 31.45 ± 12.05 years, and 87 (61.3%) were male. The prevalence of depression was found to be 31% (95% confidence interval [CI]; lower limit: 23.39% and upper limit: 38.60%), with majority subjects had a mild type of depression, and 63.63% (95% CI; lower limit: 55.05% and upper limit: 70.94%). The frequency of drug use remained a significant predictor for depression in individuals with epilepsy (P = 0.002), and the odds of having depression in individuals receiving polytherapy were 3.82 higher than in those receiving monotherapy (95%: 1.61-9.05, P = 0.002).

Conclusion: Our study indicated a high rate of depression in a substantial number of IWE in the Nepalese setting. Polytherapy emerged as an independent predictor for depression. The high coexistence of depression in this vulnerable population and an increased risk for comorbid in polytherapy necessitate incorporating depression screening and proper treatment into the existing epilepsy program. Furthermore, revising treatment guidelines on comorbid depression to reduce polytherapy and encouraging health education on epilepsy to reduce stigma may also be warranted.

Keywords: Depression; Epilepsy; Prevalence; Risk factors.