Russelioside B; A pregnane glycoside for treatment of gastric ulcer via modulation of heat shock protein-70 and vascular endothelial growth factor

Steroids. 2021 Jan:165:108759. doi: 10.1016/j.steroids.2020.108759. Epub 2020 Nov 9.

Abstract

Gastric ulcers are a very common public health problem affecting up to 10% worldwide. Russelioside B is a steroidal glycoside isolated from several Caralluma species. No study tested the ulcer healing potential of the compound. The current study aimed to assess the protective effect of russelioside B against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats. Ulcer was induced on rats by a single intragastric dose of absolute ethanol (5 mL/kg). Rats were randomly assorted into four groups (n = 8) and given treatments (Antodine, 20 mg/kg or russelioside B, 50 mg/kg) by oral gavage 1 h before ulcer induction. Pretreatment with russelioside B (50 mg/kg) attenuated the gastric mucosal injury as proved by a decrease of ulcer index, and histological scores. It suppressed the gastric inflammation by a significant lowering the tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 levels with myeloperoxidase activity (which are also aggravating factors in the case of Covid-19 infection). In addition, administration of russelioside B halted the gastric oxidative stress via inhibition of lipid peroxides by maintaining reduced glutathione and by decreasing malondialdehyde. It was able also to restore the sharp drop in the levels of heat shock protein-70, vascular endothelial growth factor and prostaglandin E2 induced by ethanol. Additionally, it showed carbonic anhydrase inhibition activity. The gastroprotective action of russelioside B was umpired through multi mechanistic actions; suppression of gastric oxidative stress, inflammation, anti-apoptotic activities and enhanced gastric mucosal protection by up-regulation of endothelial growth factor, normalization of heat shock protein-70 and prostaglandin E2. These actions were comparable in part to some classical antiulcer drugs such as Antodine.

Keywords: Apoptosis; Gastric ulcer; Prostaglandin E2; Russelioside B; Steroidal glycoside.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Anti-Ulcer Agents / pharmacology
  • Apocynaceae / chemistry
  • COVID-19 / genetics
  • COVID-19 / virology
  • COVID-19 Drug Treatment
  • Dinoprostone / genetics*
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Ethanol / toxicity
  • Gastric Mucosa / drug effects
  • Gastric Mucosa / pathology
  • Gene Expression Regulation / drug effects
  • Glycosides / chemistry
  • Glycosides / pharmacology*
  • HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / genetics*
  • Humans
  • Interleukin-6 / genetics
  • Oxidative Stress / drug effects
  • Peroxidase / genetics
  • Pregnanes / chemistry
  • Pregnanes / pharmacology*
  • Rats
  • SARS-CoV-2 / genetics
  • SARS-CoV-2 / pathogenicity
  • Stomach Ulcer / chemically induced
  • Stomach Ulcer / drug therapy*
  • Stomach Ulcer / genetics
  • Stomach Ulcer / pathology
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / genetics

Substances

  • Anti-Ulcer Agents
  • Glycosides
  • HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins
  • Interleukin-6
  • Pregnanes
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
  • pregnane glycoside
  • Ethanol
  • Peroxidase
  • Dinoprostone