Deep learning predicts short non-coding RNA functions from only raw sequence data

PLoS Comput Biol. 2020 Nov 11;16(11):e1008415. doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008415. eCollection 2020 Nov.

Abstract

Small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are short non-coding sequences involved in gene regulation in many biological processes and diseases. The lack of a complete comprehension of their biological functionality, especially in a genome-wide scenario, has demanded new computational approaches to annotate their roles. It is widely known that secondary structure is determinant to know RNA function and machine learning based approaches have been successfully proven to predict RNA function from secondary structure information. Here we show that RNA function can be predicted with good accuracy from a lightweight representation of sequence information without the necessity of computing secondary structure features which is computationally expensive. This finding appears to go against the dogma of secondary structure being a key determinant of function in RNA. Compared to recent secondary structure based methods, the proposed solution is more robust to sequence boundary noise and reduces drastically the computational cost allowing for large data volume annotations. Scripts and datasets to reproduce the results of experiments proposed in this study are available at: https://github.com/bioinformatics-sannio/ncrna-deep.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Computational Biology
  • Databases, Nucleic Acid / statistics & numerical data
  • Deep Learning*
  • Exome Sequencing / statistics & numerical data
  • High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing / statistics & numerical data
  • Humans
  • Monte Carlo Method
  • Neural Networks, Computer
  • Nucleic Acid Conformation
  • RNA, Untranslated / chemistry
  • RNA, Untranslated / genetics*
  • RNA, Untranslated / physiology*
  • Sequence Analysis, RNA / statistics & numerical data

Substances

  • RNA, Untranslated

Grants and funding

The research leading to these results has received funding from: Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (AIRC) under the grant number 21846 (grant recipient MC); Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca PRIN under the grant number 2017XJ38A4-004 (grant recipient MC); and Regione Campania Progetto GENOMAeSALUTE (grant recipient MC). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.