The microbiome in neonates is affected by many factors such as mode of birth and feeding pattern, and homeostasis or disorder of microbiome is associated with various neonatal diseases. Preterm infants have a gestational age of <37 weeks at birth, with immature development and different colonization of bacteria from full-term infants. The research on the characteristics of microbiome and their association with diseases in preterm infants can provide new ideas for the treatment of neonatal diseases. This article reviews the characteristics of intrauterine microbiome, dermal microbiome, oral microbiome, stomach microbiome, intestinal microbiome, and environmental microbiome and their association with common diseases in preterm infants.
新生儿菌群受出生方式、喂养情况等复杂因素的影响，菌群的稳态或紊乱与新生儿多种疾病相关。早产儿出生时胎龄小于37周，与足月儿相比多方面发育未成熟，菌群定植也有差异，研究早产儿菌群特征与疾病的关系，可为临床上治疗新生儿疾病提供新思路。该综述对早产儿出生前宫内菌群、生后皮肤菌群、口腔菌群、胃部菌群、肠道菌群及环境菌群的特征与早产儿常见的各种疾病的关系进行了详细阐述。