Simple quantitative chest CT for pulmonary edema

Maria Barile; Tomoyuki Hida; Mark Hammer; Hiroto Hatabu

doi:10.1016/j.ejro.2020.100273

Simple quantitative chest CT for pulmonary edema

Eur J Radiol Open. 2020 Oct 30:7:100273. doi: 10.1016/j.ejro.2020.100273. eCollection 2020.

Authors

Maria Barile^{1

2}, Tomoyuki Hida^{1

3}, Mark Hammer³, Hiroto Hatabu¹

Affiliations

¹ Departments of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.
² Department of Radiology at University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, MA, United States.
³ Department of Radiology, Kyushu University Hospital, Japan.

Abstract

Purpose: To determine the accuracy of quantitative CT to diagnose pulmonary edema compared to qualitative CT and CXR and to determine a threshold Hounsfield unit (HU) measurement for pulmonary edema on CT examinations.

Method: Electronic medical records were searched for patients with a billing diagnosis of heart failure and a Chest CT and CXR performed within three hours between 1/1/2016 to 10/1/2016, yielding 100 patients. CXR and CT examinations were scored for the presence and severity of edema, using a 0-5 scale, and CT HU measurements were obtained in each lobe. Polyserial correlation coefficients evaluated the association between CT HUs and CXR scores, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis determined a cutoff CT HU value for identification of pulmonary edema.

Results: Correlation between CT HU and CXR score was moderately strong (r = 0.585-0.685) with CT HU measurements demonstrating good to excellent accuracy in differentiating between no edema (grade 0) and mild to severe edema (grades 1-5) in every lobe, with AUCs ranging between 0.869 and 0.995. The left upper lobe demonstrated the highest accuracy, using a cutoff value of -825 HU (AUC of 0.995, sensitivity = 100 % and specificity = 95.1 %). Additionally, qualitative CT evaluation was less sensitive (84 %) than portable CXR in identifying pulmonary edema. However, quantitative CT evaluation was as sensitive as portable CXR (100 %) and highly specific (95 %).

Conclusions: Quantitative CT enables the identification of pulmonary edema with high accuracy and demonstrates a greater sensitivity than qualitative CT in assessment of pulmonary edema.

Keywords: AUC, area under the curve; CT; CT, computed tomography; CXR, chest X-ray; Chest radiograph; HU, hounsfield unit; Pulmonary edema; Quantitative CT; R, correlation coefficient; ROC, receiver operating characteristic; ROI, region of interest.