Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are lifelong diseases that remain challenging to treat. IBDs are characterized by alterations in intestinal barrier function and dysregulation of the innate and adaptive immunity. An increasing number of lipids are found to be important regulators of inflammation and immunity as well as gut physiology. Therefore, the study of lipid mediators in IBDs is expected to improve our understanding of disease pathogenesis and lead to novel therapeutic opportunities. Here, through selected examples - such as fatty acids, specialized proresolving mediators, lysophospholipids, endocannabinoids, and oxysterols - we discuss how lipid signaling is involved in IBD physiopathology and how modulating lipid signaling pathways could affect IBDs.
Keywords:
Autotaxin; Docosahexaenoic acid; Eicosanoids; Palmitoylethanolamide; SPM; Short chain fatty acids.
Copyright © 2020. Published by Elsevier B.V.
MeSH terms
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Adaptive Immunity / drug effects
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Animals
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Anti-Inflammatory Agents / pharmacology
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Anti-Inflammatory Agents / therapeutic use
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Colitis, Ulcerative / drug therapy
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Colitis, Ulcerative / immunology*
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Colitis, Ulcerative / metabolism
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Colitis, Ulcerative / pathology
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Crohn Disease / drug therapy
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Crohn Disease / immunology*
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Crohn Disease / metabolism
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Crohn Disease / pathology
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Disease Models, Animal
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Drug Therapy, Combination / methods
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Endocannabinoids / immunology
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Endocannabinoids / metabolism
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Fatty Acids / immunology
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Fatty Acids / metabolism
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Gastrointestinal Agents / pharmacology*
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Gastrointestinal Agents / therapeutic use
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Humans
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Immunity, Innate / drug effects
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Inflammation / drug therapy
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Inflammation / immunology
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Inflammation / metabolism
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Inflammation / pathology
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Intestinal Mucosa / immunology
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Intestinal Mucosa / pathology*
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Lipid Metabolism / drug effects
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Lipid Metabolism / immunology*
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Lysophospholipids / immunology
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Lysophospholipids / metabolism
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Oxysterols / immunology
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Oxysterols / metabolism
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Signal Transduction / drug effects
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Signal Transduction / immunology
Substances
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Anti-Inflammatory Agents
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Endocannabinoids
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Fatty Acids
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Gastrointestinal Agents
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Lysophospholipids
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Oxysterols