Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an immune-mediated central nervous system (CNS) disorder, characterized by polyfocal symptoms, encephalopathy and typical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, that especially affects young children. Advances in understanding CNS neuroimmune disorders as well as the association of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody (MOG-Ab) with both monophasic and recurrent forms of ADEM have led to new insights into its definition, management and outcome. In this review, we aim to provide an update based on current epidemiologic, clinical, radiological and immunopathological aspects and clinical outcome of ADEM.
Keywords: acquired demyelination syndrome (ADS); acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM); multiple sclerosis (MS); myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody (MOG-Ab); neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD); optic neuritis (ON).