Abstract
Autophagy is essential for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and its dysfunction has been linked to various diseases. Autophagy is a membrane driven process and tightly regulated by membrane-associated proteins. Here, we summarized membrane lipid composition, and membrane-associated proteins relevant to autophagy from a spatiotemporal perspective. In particular, we focused on three important membrane remodeling processes in autophagy, lipid transfer for phagophore elongation, membrane scission for phagophore closure, and autophagosome-lysosome membrane fusion. We discussed the significance of the discoveries in this field and possible avenues to follow for future studies. Finally, we summarized the membrane-associated biochemical techniques and assays used to study membrane properties, with a discussion of their applications in autophagy.
Keywords:
ATG2; ESCRT; autophagy; elongation; fusion; lipid transfer; membrane-associated biochemistry assays; membrane-associated proteins; scission.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Review
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Autophagosomes / metabolism*
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Autophagosomes / ultrastructure
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Autophagy / genetics*
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Autophagy-Related Proteins / genetics
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Autophagy-Related Proteins / metabolism
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Biological Transport
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Cell Membrane / chemistry
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Cell Membrane / metabolism
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Cell Membrane / ultrastructure
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Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport / genetics
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Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport / metabolism
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Gene Expression
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Homeostasis
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Intracellular Membranes / chemistry
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Intracellular Membranes / metabolism*
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Intracellular Membranes / ultrastructure
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Lysosomes / metabolism*
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Lysosomes / ultrastructure
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Mammals
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Membrane Fusion
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Membrane Lipids / chemistry*
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Membrane Lipids / classification
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Membrane Proteins / chemistry
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Membrane Proteins / classification
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Membrane Proteins / genetics
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Membrane Proteins / metabolism*
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Saccharomyces cerevisiae / metabolism
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Saccharomyces cerevisiae / ultrastructure
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Vesicular Transport Proteins / genetics
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Vesicular Transport Proteins / metabolism
Substances
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ATG2B protein, human
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Autophagy-Related Proteins
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Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport
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Membrane Lipids
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Membrane Proteins
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Vesicular Transport Proteins