Purpose: Hyaluronan (HA) based biomaterials are widely used as tissue scaffolds, drug formulations, as well as targeting ligands and imaging probes for diagnosis and drug delivery. However, because of the presence of abundant endogenous HA presented in various tissues in vivo, the pharmacokinetic behavior and biodistribution patterns of exogenously administered HAs have not been well characterized.
Methods: The HA backbone was modified with Diethylenetriamine (DTPA) to enable the chelation of gadolinium (Gd) and aluminum (Al) ions. Series of PET and MR imaging were taken after the injection of HA-DTPA-Gd and HA-DTPA-Al18F while using18F-FDG and Magnevist(DTPA-Gd) as controls. The Tomographic images were analyzed and quantified to reveal the distribution and locations of HA in tumor-bearing mice.
Results: The labeled HAs had good stability in plasma. They retained binding affinity towards CD44s on tumor cell surface. The injected HAs distributed widely in various organs, but were found to be cleared quickly except inside tumor tissues where the signals were higher and persisted longer.
Conclusion: Medical imaging tools, including MR and PET, can be highly valuable for examining biomaterial distribution non-invasively. The HA tumor accumulation properties may be explored for the development of active targeting drug carriers and molecular probes.
Keywords: CD44; MRI; PET imaging; biodistribution; hyaluronan.