Smoking and Provision of Smoking Cessation Interventions among Inpatients with Acute Coronary Syndrome in China: Findings from the Improving Care for Cardiovascular Disease in China-Acute Coronary Syndrome Project

Guoliang Hu; Mengge Zhou; Jing Liu; Sidney C Smith Jr; Changsheng Ma; Junbo Ge; Yong Huo; Gregg C Fonarow; Yongchen Hao; Jun Liu; Kathryn A Taubert; Louise Morgan; Na Yang; Yuhong Zeng; Yaling Han; Dong Zhao; CCC-ACS Investigators

doi:10.5334/gh.784

Smoking and Provision of Smoking Cessation Interventions among Inpatients with Acute Coronary Syndrome in China: Findings from the Improving Care for Cardiovascular Disease in China-Acute Coronary Syndrome Project

Glob Heart. 2020 Oct 23;15(1):72. doi: 10.5334/gh.784.

Authors

Guoliang Hu¹, Mengge Zhou¹, Jing Liu¹, Sidney C Smith Jr², Changsheng Ma³, Junbo Ge⁴, Yong Huo⁵, Gregg C Fonarow⁶, Yongchen Hao¹, Jun Liu¹, Kathryn A Taubert⁷, Louise Morgan⁸, Na Yang¹, Yuhong Zeng¹, Yaling Han⁹, Dong Zhao¹; CCC-ACS Investigators

Affiliations

¹ Department of Epidemiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, CN.
² Division of Cardiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, US.
³ Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, CN.
⁴ Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, CN.
⁵ Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, CN.
⁶ Division of Cardiology, Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, US.
⁷ Department of International Science, American Heart Association, Basel, CH.
⁸ International Quality Improvement Department, American Heart Association, Dallas, TX, US.
⁹ Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, CN.

PMID: 33150137
PMCID: PMC7583717
DOI: 10.5334/gh.784

Abstract

Highlights: Over half of male acute coronary syndrome patients were smokers in China.Smoking was associated with higher risk of critical cardiac symptoms at admission.Only 35.3% of smoking patients received smoking cessation interventions in China.

Background: Smoking cessation is recognized as an effective and cost-effective strategy for improving the prognosis of patients with coronary heart disease. Despite this, few studies have evaluated the smoking prevalence and provision of smoking cessation interventions among patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in China.

Objectives: To evaluate the smoking prevalence, clinical conditions and in-hospital outcomes associated with smoking, and the provision of smoking cessation interventions among ACS patients in China.

Methods: This registry study was conducted using data from the Improving Care for Cardiovascular Disease in China project, a collaborative nationwide registry of the American Heart Association and the Chinese Society of Cardiology. Our study sample comprised 92,509 ACS inpatients admitted between November 2014 and December 2018. A web-based data collection platform was used to report required data.

Results: Smoking prevalence among male and female ACS patients was 52.4% and 8.0%, respectively. Patients younger than 45 years had the highest smoking rate (men: 68.0%; women: 14.9%). Compared with non-smokers, smokers had an earlier onset age of ACS and a greater proportion of severe clinical manifestations at admission, including ST-elevation myocardial infarction (67.8% versus 54.8%; p < 0.001) and substantially elevated myocardial injury markers (86.1% versus 83.0%; p < 0.001). After multivariable adjustment, smoking was associated with higher risk of critical cardiac symptoms at admission (OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.08-1.20; p < 0.001) and had no direct association with in-hospital outcomes (OR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.84-1.02; p = 0.107) of ACS patients. Of 37,336 smokers with ACS, only 35.3% received smoking cessation interventions before discharge. There was wide variation in provision of smoking cessation interventions across hospitals (0%-100%).

Conclusions: Smoking is highly prevalent among ACS patients in China. However, smoking cessation interventions are not widely adopted in clinical practice in China as part of formal treatment strategies for ACS patients, indicating an important target for quality improvement.

Clinical trial registration: URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02306616.

Keywords: acute coronary syndrome; in-hospital outcome; prevalence; smoke; smoke cessation intervention.

Publication types

Multicenter Study
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Acute Coronary Syndrome / diagnosis
Acute Coronary Syndrome / epidemiology
Acute Coronary Syndrome / etiology
Acute Coronary Syndrome / prevention & control*
Aged
China / epidemiology
Female
Humans
Inpatients*
Male
Middle Aged
Quality Improvement*
Registries*
Risk Assessment / methods*
Risk Factors
Smoking / adverse effects*
Smoking Cessation / methods*

Associated data

ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT02306616

Grants and funding

The CCC-ACS project is a collaborative program of the American Heart Association and Chinese Society of Cardiology. The American Heart Association has been funded by Pfizer and AstraZeneca for quality improvement initiative through an independent grant for learning and change.