Effect of Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy on Serum Levels of Interleukin-1β and Interleukin-8 in Smokers and Nonsmokers with Chronic Periodontitis

Steffi Vijayakumar; Elizabeth Koshi; Arun Sadasivan; R S Indhuja; Chitra G Vallabhan

doi:10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_93_20

Effect of Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy on Serum Levels of Interleukin-1β and Interleukin-8 in Smokers and Nonsmokers with Chronic Periodontitis

J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2020 Aug;12(Suppl 1):S313-S318. doi: 10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_93_20. Epub 2020 Aug 28.

Authors

Steffi Vijayakumar¹, Elizabeth Koshi¹, Arun Sadasivan¹, R S Indhuja¹, Chitra G Vallabhan¹

Affiliation

¹ Department of Periodontology, Sree Mookambika Institute of Dental Sciences, Kulasekharam, Tamil Nadu, India.

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on serum levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in smokers and nonsmokers with chronic periodontitis before and after scaling and root planing (SRP).

Materials and methods: This was a comparative interventional study including a total of 52 (26 smokers and 26 nonsmokers with chronic periodontitis) subjects. Clinical parameters (gingival index [GI], plaque index [PI], recession, probing pocket depth [PPD], and clinical attachment level [CAL]) were recorded at baseline and 4 weeks after initial periodontal therapy. Initial periodontal therapy included oral hygiene instructions and full mouth SRP. Venous blood sample of 5 mL was collected from each subject at baseline and 4 weeks after initial periodontal therapy to evaluate serum IL-1β and IL-8. These biochemical parameters were assayed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.

Results: The periodontal parameters such as PI, GI, recession, PPD, and CAL were reduced after nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Smokers with chronic periodontitis showed statistically significant lower GI and higher PI, gingival recession, PPD, and CAL as compared to nonsmokers with chronic periodontitis. Statistically significant reduction in periodontal parameters was seen in both groups after periodontal therapy. IL-1β and IL-8 were increased in both groups at baseline; after SRP both groups showed statistically significant reduction in IL-1β and smokers with chronic periodontitis showed statistically significant increase in IL-8 after SRP.

Conclusion: Smokers with chronic periodontitis showed more periodontal destruction and systemic inflammatory markers compared to nonsmokers with chronic periodontitis. After periodontal therapy both groups showed statistically significant improvement in clinical parameters and biochemical parameters excluding IL-8.

Keywords: Chronic periodontitis; interleukin; scaling and root planing; smoking.