Purpose: The aim of this study is to determine the correlation between photographic sagittal parameters and patient-reported outcome measures (PROM) results in adult patients operated on spinal deformity.
Methods: Non-concurrent prospective study.
Inclusion criteria: age at surgery older than 25, minimum 2-year follow-up after a 5 or more level fusion for adult spinal deformity (ASD). Full body lateral standing photographs were taken with adhesive markers placed on ten bony landmarks. SRS-22 and SF-36 questionnaires were completed for every patient. The following photographic parameters were measured: lumbar angle, lumbar curve, thoracic inclination (TI), trunk angle, pelvic tilt, head angle, neck angle, cervicothoracic angle, lumbar vector angle (LVA), dorsal vector angle (DVA), cervical vector angle (CVA), cranial pelvic angle (CrPA), cranial sacral angle (CrSA), fibular inclination angle (FIA) and cranial sagittal vertical axis measured to sacrum (Cr-S), greater trochanter (Cr-GT), knee (Cr-K) and ankle (Cr-A).
Results: 65 patients (58 female) operated on ASD in a single institution were included. Age at surgery was 61 years (26-67). Postoperative follow-up was 53 months (24-120). Spearman rank order test showed several significant (p ≤ 0.01) correlations. After multivariate linear regression analysis age, LVA and TI remained as predictors for SRS image scores (corrected r2 0.41), LVA for SRS satisfaction (corrected r2 0.27), CrPA and age for SRS total scores (corrected r2 0.33), FIA and age for SF36 physical functioning (corrected r2 0.36) and CrSA for SF36 role physical (corrected r2 0.14).
Conclusions: Some sagittal photographic parameters may predict mid-term clinical results after ASD surgery.
Keywords: Adult spinal deformity; Patient reported outcomes; Photographic sagittal parameters; Sagittal alignment; Sagittal vertical axis; Scoliosis.