Branched chain amino acids, aging and age-related health

Ageing Res Rev. 2020 Dec:64:101198. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101198. Epub 2020 Oct 24.

Abstract

Branched chain amino acids (BCAA: leucine, valine, isoleucine) have key physiological roles in the regulation of protein synthesis, metabolism, food intake and aging. Many studies report apparently inconsistent conclusions about the relationships between blood levels of BCAAs or dietary manipulation of BCAAs with age-related changes in body composition, sarcopenia, obesity, insulin and glucose metabolism, and aging biology itself. These divergent results can be resolved by consideration of the role of BCAAs as signalling molecules and the bidirectional mechanistic relationship between BCAAs and some aging phenotypes. The effects of BCAAs are also influenced by the background nutritional composition such as macronutrient ratios and imbalance with other amino acids. Understanding the interaction between BCAAs and other components of the diet may provide new opportunities for influencing age-related outcomes through manipulation of dietary BCAAs together with titration of macronutrient ratios and other amino acids.

Keywords: Aging; Branched chain amino acids; Insulin; Isoleucine; Leucine; Nutrition; Obesity; Sarcopenia; Valine.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Aging
  • Amino Acids, Branched-Chain*
  • Humans
  • Insulin
  • Insulin Resistance*
  • Isoleucine

Substances

  • Amino Acids, Branched-Chain
  • Insulin
  • Isoleucine