Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic and granulomatous inflammatory disease of the entire gastrointestinal tract. The etiopathogenesis is not fully elucidated. The most common symptoms in the active phase of the disease include abdominal pain, prolonged diarrhea, fever, fatigue, malaise and weight loss. Oral manifestations of CD are classified into specific for CD with granulomatous changes and non-specific ones. This rare extraintestinal manifestation of CD in adults may precede gastrointestinal tract involvement, occur together or appear after years of its duration. Oral lesions can be initiated by malnourishment, poor absorption of nutrients or side-effect of medications.
A case report: We describe a 28-year-old female with a 9-years CD history, who presented in the active disease with oral lesions. They were classified as non-specific ones, and included oral candidiasis, irregular erythematous patches on the cheek mucosa, exfoliative lip inflammation, and angular cheilitis. The patient was treated with azathioprine, and since the last exacerbation of symptoms, induction therapy with adalimumab, (anti-TNF-alpha), has been prescribed. Nystatin was applied to treat the oral lesions, based on the microbiological assessment of the Candida albicans susceptibility, and symptomatic treatment. After a two-week treatment the oral mucosa was healed and angular cheilitis showed marked improvement compared to the initial presentation.
Conclusions: The young female with active CD presented the nonspecific lesions in the oral cavity. The lesions coexisted with the active inflammatory process in the intestinal tract with characteristic clinical symptoms, and were associated with sideropenic anemia. The implementation of the local therapy, systemic CD treatment and supplementation of micronutrient deficiencies have led to a healing of the oral lesions. We emphasize a personalized approach to treatment and close cooperation between the dentist and the gastroenterologist.
Keywords: Crohn’s disease, oral pathology; angular cheilitis; symptoms.
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