Does renewable energy modulate the negative effect of environmental issues on the socio-economic welfare?

Abstract

The new sustainable development goals (SDGs) call for actions to close the gap between the protection of the environment and the socio-economic development. To shed light on the link among economy, society, and ecology, this study assesses the ability of renewable energy to moderate the effects of CO₂ emissions on human development and economic growth for 31 transitional economies. Our findings substantiate that: (i) CO₂ emissions have unconditional negative effects on human development and economic growth; (ii) the net impacts on human development and economic growth are positive from the interplay between renewable energy and CO₂ emissions, i.e. renewable energy reduces the influences of per capita CO₂ emissions on human development and economic growth; (iii) renewable energy interacts with CO₂ intensity and CO₂ emissions from liquid fuel consumption to negatively influence economic growth and human development. To dampen these net negative effects, corresponding renewable energy thresholds were computed and discussed. Theoretical and empirical contributions, implications to policymakers, and practitioners are also discussed.

Keywords: CO(2) emissions; Economic growth; Human development; Renewable energy.