Cadmium phytoavailability from 1976 through 2016: Changes in soil amended with phosphate fertilizer and compost

Hye Jin Park; Sung Un Kim; Ki Yuol Jung; Sanghun Lee; Young Dae Choi; Vance N Owens; Sandeep Kumar; Sung Wook Yun; Chang Oh Hong

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143132

Cadmium phytoavailability from 1976 through 2016: Changes in soil amended with phosphate fertilizer and compost

Sci Total Environ. 2021 Mar 25:762:143132. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143132. Epub 2020 Oct 16.

Authors

Hye Jin Park¹, Sung Un Kim², Ki Yuol Jung³, Sanghun Lee³, Young Dae Choi³, Vance N Owens⁴, Sandeep Kumar⁵, Sung Wook Yun⁶, Chang Oh Hong⁷

Affiliations

¹ Department of Life Science and Environmental Biochemistry, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, South Korea; Department of Agro-food Safety and Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences,166, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju_Gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea.
² Department of Life Science and Environmental Biochemistry, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, South Korea; Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, South Korea.
³ National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang, 50424, Rep of Korea.
⁴ Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA; North Central Regional Sun Grant Center, South Dakota State University, 1015 Campanile Avenue, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
⁵ Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
⁶ Department of Agricultural Engineering, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Wanju, Jeonbuk 54875, South Korea.
⁷ Department of Life Science and Environmental Biochemistry, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, South Korea; Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, South Korea. Electronic address: soilchem@pusan.ac.kr.

PMID: 33121778
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143132

Abstract

This study aimed to determine cadmium (Cd) accumulation in arable soil, changes in Cd extractability and relevant soil properties, and Cd uptake by rice plants after long-term (50 years) application of phosphate (P) fertilizer and compost. A long-term field experiment was performed with rice crops from 1967 to 2016. Treatments included nitrogen and potassium fertilization (NK), nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium fertilization (NPK), nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium fertilization with compost application (NPK + compost), and control. Total Cd concentration in soil amended with NPK and NPK + compost continuously increased from 110 μg kg^-1 up to 232 μg kg^-1 from 1976 to 2016 but remained unchanged in control soil and soil amended with only NK. Plant-available Cd concentration in soil increased with year for all treatments, likely as a result of relevant changes in soil chemical properties. Cd concentrations in rice harvested in 2017 treated with NPK or NPK + compost were 212 μg Cd kg^-1 and 223 μg Cd kg^-1, respectively. These values exceed the maximum permissible level (200 μg Cd kg^-1) established by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety of Korea.

Keywords: Cadmium; Compost; Long-term fertilization; Paddy soil; Phosphate fertilizer.