The Association Between Dietary Habits and Other Lifestyle Indicators and Dysglycemia in Saudi Adults Free of Previous Diagnosis of Diabetes

Hanan Jambi; Sumia Enani; Manal Malibary; Suhad Bahijri; Basmah Eldakhakhny; Jawaher Al-Ahmadi; Rajaa Al Raddadi; Ghada Ajabnoor; Anwar Boraie; Jaakko Tuomilehto

doi:10.1177/1178638820965258

The Association Between Dietary Habits and Other Lifestyle Indicators and Dysglycemia in Saudi Adults Free of Previous Diagnosis of Diabetes

Nutr Metab Insights. 2020 Oct 15:13:1178638820965258. doi: 10.1177/1178638820965258. eCollection 2020.

Authors

Hanan Jambi^{1

2}, Sumia Enani^{1

2}, Manal Malibary^{1

2}, Suhad Bahijri^{1

3}, Basmah Eldakhakhny^{1

3}, Jawaher Al-Ahmadi^{1

4}, Rajaa Al Raddadi^{1

5}, Ghada Ajabnoor^{1

3}, Anwar Boraie^{1

6}, Jaakko Tuomilehto^{1

7

8}

Affiliations

¹ Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
² Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
³ Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
⁴ Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
⁵ Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
⁶ King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
⁷ Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
⁸ Department of Public Health Solutions Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.

Abstract

Objective: Study the association of dietary habits and other indicators of lifestyle with dysglycemia in Saudi adults.

Methods: In a cross-sectional design, data were obtained from 1403 Saudi adults (⩾20 years), not previously diagnosed with diabetes. Demographics, lifestyle variables and dietary habits were obtained using a predesigned questionnaire. Fasting plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin and 1-hour oral glucose tolerance test were used to identify dysglycemia. Regression analysis was performed to determine the associations of dietary factors and other indicators of lifestyle with dysglycemia.

Results: A total 1075 adults (596 men, and 479 women) had normoglycemia, and 328 (195 men, and 133 women) had dysglycemia. Following adjustment for age, BMI and waist circumference, in men the weekly intake of 5 portions or more of red meat and Turkish coffee were associated with decreased odds of having dysglycemia odds ratio (OR) 0.444 (95% CI: 0.223, 0.881; P = .02) and 0.387 (95% CI: 0.202, 0.74; P = .004), respectively. In women, the intake of fresh juice 1 to 4 portions per week and 5 portions or more were associated with OR 0.603 (95% CI: 0.369, 0.985; P = .043) and OR 0.511 (95% CI: 0.279, 0.935; P = .029) decreased odds of having dysglycemia, respectively compared with women who did not drink fresh juice. The intake of 5 times or more per week of hibiscus drink was associated with increased odds of having dysglycemia, OR 5.551 (95% CI: 1.576, 19.55, P = .008) compared with women not using such a drink. Other lifestyle factors were not associated with dysglycemia.

Conclusion: Dietary practices by studied Saudis have some impact on risk of dysglycemia, with obvious sex differences.

Keywords: Dysglycemia; Saudi population; dietary habits; lifestyle.