Hepatitis C in Poland in 2018

Abstract

Objective: Analysis of data on hepatitis C, collected as part of epidemiological surveillance in 2018, compared to previous years.

Material and methods: Analysis of: 1) individual data from surveillance in 2018 2) diagnosis rate from bulletins "Infectious diseases and poisonings in Poland" for the years 2012-2018 and 3) data about deaths due to hepatitis C from the Demographic Surveys and Labour Market Department of the Central Statistical Office.

Results: In 2018, there was a decrease in the number of reported hepatitis C cases (3,442 cases) and the diagnosis rate (8.96 per 100,000; taking into account the territorial distribution: from 3.29 per 100,000 in the Podkarpackie voivodeship to 13.69 per 100,00 in the Lubuskie voivodeship). The disproportion of the rates between the sexes returned (in men 9.34 per 100,000 vs. women: 8.61 per 100,000). The disproportion of the diagnosis rate depending on the place of residence was still evident (urban: 10.84 per 100,000 vs. rural: 6.12 per 100,000). There are differences in the values of the diagnosis rates, analyzed in terms of gender, age groups and the place of residence. Based on the EU definition, 14 acute hepatitis C were reported, while according to the PL definition, 88 cases (0.4% and 2.6% of all reported cases, respectively). HCV infections due to medical procedures are still the main route of transmission, also in cases of acute hepatitis C - which indicates the current route of transmission. According to the Demographic Surveys and Labour Market Department of the Central Statistical Office, 119 deaths related to hepatitis C were reported.

Conclusions: For years, the general picture of hepatitis C in Poland, observed through epidemiological surveillance, is determined by the availability of testing for HCV infections. The analysis identified subpopulations in which primary prevention activities (e.g. safer medical procedures, intensifying activities in the area of harm reduction for people who inject drugs) as well as secondary prevention (access to testing and quick inclusion in treatment) should be particularly strengthened. According to the micro-elimination strategy, the improvement of testing in particularly affected groups, including marginalized populations, is necessary to achieve the WHO goal of eliminating HCV by 2030.

Keywords: 2018; HCV; Poland; epidemiology; hepatitis; infectious diseases.