Graphene-Based Biomaterials for Bone Regenerative Engineering: A Comprehensive Review of the Field and Considerations Regarding Biocompatibility and Biodegradation

Leila Daneshmandi; Mohammed Barajaa; Armin Tahmasbi Rad; Stefanie A Sydlik; Cato T Laurencin

doi:10.1002/adhm.202001414

Graphene-Based Biomaterials for Bone Regenerative Engineering: A Comprehensive Review of the Field and Considerations Regarding Biocompatibility and Biodegradation

Adv Healthc Mater. 2021 Jan;10(1):e2001414. doi: 10.1002/adhm.202001414. Epub 2020 Oct 26.

Authors

Leila Daneshmandi^{1

2

3

4}, Mohammed Barajaa^{1

2

3

4}, Armin Tahmasbi Rad^{3

5}, Stefanie A Sydlik^{6

7}, Cato T Laurencin^{1

2

3

4

5

8

9}

Affiliations

¹ Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
² Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
³ Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.
⁴ Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
⁵ Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.
⁶ Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
⁷ Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
⁸ Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.
⁹ Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.

Abstract

Graphene and its derivatives have continued to garner worldwide interest due to their unique characteristics. Having expanded into biomedical applications, there have been efforts to employ their exceptional properties for the regeneration of different tissues, particularly bone. This article presents a comprehensive review on the usage of graphene-based materials for bone regenerative engineering. The graphene family of materials (GFMs) are used either alone or in combination with other biomaterials in the form of fillers in composites, coatings for both scaffolds and implants, or vehicles for the delivery of various signaling and therapeutic agents. The applications of the GFMs in each of these diverse areas are discussed and emphasis is placed on the characteristics of the GFMs that have implications in this regard. In tandem and of importance, this article evaluates the safety and biocompatibility of the GFMs and carefully elucidates how various factors influence the biocompatibility and biodegradability of this new class of nanomaterials. In conclusion, the challenges and opportunities regarding the use of the GFMs in regenerative engineering applications are discussed, and future perspectives for the developments in this field are proposed.

Keywords: biocompatibility; biomaterials; bones; graphene; tissue engineering.

Publication types

Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
Review

MeSH terms

Biocompatible Materials
Bone Regeneration
Graphite*
Nanostructures*
Tissue Engineering

Substances

Biocompatible Materials
Graphite

Abstract

Publication types

MeSH terms

Substances

Grants and funding