Prediction of grass biomass from satellite imagery in Somali regional state, eastern Ethiopia

Derege Tsegaye Meshesha; Muhyadin Mohammed Ahmed; Dahir Yosuf Abdi; Nigussie Haregeweyn

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05272

Prediction of grass biomass from satellite imagery in Somali regional state, eastern Ethiopia

Heliyon. 2020 Oct 16;6(10):e05272. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05272. eCollection 2020 Oct.

Authors

Derege Tsegaye Meshesha^{1

2}, Muhyadin Mohammed Ahmed², Dahir Yosuf Abdi², Nigussie Haregeweyn³

Affiliations

¹ Geospatial Data and Technology Centre, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Bahir Dar University, P.O. Box 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
² Institute of Pastoral and Agro-Pastoral Development Studies (IPADS), Jigjiga University, P.O. Box 1020, Jigjiga, Ethiopia.
³ International Platform for Dryland Research and Education, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori 680-0001, Japan.

Abstract

The drought-prone Ethiopian Somali region has a long history of pastoralism (livestock grazing), which is a major source of livelihoods. However, it suffers from poor rangeland management and a lack of research and information. The objectives of this study were to develop a method for forecasting forage biomass and to quantify production of and spatial variation in forage from satellite imagery. We downloaded Sentinel-2 images and processed spectral information in the blue, red, and near-infrared bands, and calculated the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI). Combining ground sampling (on 55 plots) with remote sensing data, we developed a forage forecasting model for the area. Forage (biomass) was significantly correlated with both EVI (R ² = 0.87; P < 0.001) and NDVI (R ² = 0.81; P < 0.001). Both gave good predictions of forage biomass in the district. We estimated the annual biomass in each grassland pixel at the peak of the growing season. Models based on each index revealed close estimates: NDVI indicated an average of 0.76 t/ha and a total of 38 772 t/year; EVI indicated an average of 0.78 t/ha and a total of 39 792 t/year. The estimated rangeland biomass showed high spatial variability of 0.22-4.89 t/ha.year. For future rangeland management in the area, the proposed approach and models can be used to estimate available forage biomass from satellite imagery in the middle of the grass growing season (2 months after the rains start), before the grass matures and is harvested.

Keywords: Agriculture; Applied ecology; Biomass; Drought-prone; EVI; Ecology; Ecosystem change; Environmental analysis; IPADS; Jigjiga university; NDVI; Natural resource management; Rangeland; Remote sensing; Sustainable development.