Covid-19: Perspectives on Innate Immune Evasion

Nima Taefehshokr; Sina Taefehshokr; Nima Hemmat; Bryan Heit

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.580641

Covid-19: Perspectives on Innate Immune Evasion

Front Immunol. 2020 Sep 30:11:580641. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.580641. eCollection 2020.

Authors

Nima Taefehshokr¹, Sina Taefehshokr², Nima Hemmat², Bryan Heit^{1

3}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Human Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
² Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
³ Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada.

Abstract

The ongoing outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 infection achieved pandemic status on March 11, 2020. As of September 8, 2020 it has caused over 890,000 mortalities world-wide. Coronaviral infections are enabled by potent immunoevasory mechanisms that target multiple aspects of innate immunity, with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) able to induce a cytokine storm, impair interferon responses, and suppress antigen presentation on both MHC class I and class II. Understanding the immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 and its immunoevasion approaches will improve our understanding of pathogenesis, virus clearance, and contribute toward vaccine and immunotherepeutic design and evaluation. This review discusses the known host innate immune response and immune evasion mechanisms driving SARS-CoV-2 infection and pathophysiology.

Keywords: MHC trafficking; SARS-CoV-2; cytokine - immunological terms; innnate immune; macropahge.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review

MeSH terms

Betacoronavirus / immunology*
COVID-19
Coronavirus Infections / immunology
Coronavirus Infections / pathology*
Cytokine Release Syndrome / immunology
Cytokine Release Syndrome / pathology
Cytokines / blood
Humans
Immune Evasion / immunology*
Immunity, Innate / immunology*
Pandemics
Pneumonia, Viral / immunology
Pneumonia, Viral / pathology*
SARS-CoV-2
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome / immunology
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome / pathology*

Substances

Cytokines