A novel PCV2 ORF5-interacting host factor YWHAB inhibits virus replication and alleviates PCV2-induced cellular response

Abstract

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection causes porcine circovirus associated diseases (PCVAD) worldwide. Identification of host factors that interact with viral proteins is a fundamental step to understand the pathogenesis of PCV2. Our previous study reported that ORF5, a newly identified PCV2 viral protein supports PCV2 replication and interacts with multiple host factors. Here, we showed that a host factor YWHAB is an ORF5-interacting protein and plays essential roles during PCV2 infection. By using protein-protein interaction assays, we confirmed that YWHAB directly interacts with PCV2-ORF5 protein. We further showed that YWHAB expression was potently induced upon ORF5 overexpression and PCV2 infection. Remarkably, we found that the YWHAB strongly inhibited PCV2 replication, suggesting its role in defending PCV2 infection. By using the ectopic overexpression and gene knockdown approaches, we revealed that YWHAB inhibits PCV2-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), autophagy, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptosis, suggesting its vital role in alleviating PCV2-induced cellular damage. Together, this study demonstrated that an ORF5-interacting host factor YWHAB affects PCV2 infection and PCV2-induced cellular response, which expands the current understanding of YWHAB biological function and might serves as a new therapeutic target to manage PCV2 infection-associated diseases.

Keywords: Apoptosis; Autophagy; Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS); Open reading frame 5 (ORF5); Porcine circovirus type 2; Reactive oxygen species (ROS); YWHAB (14-3-3β/α).