Clinical size is a poor predictor of invasion in melanoma of the lentigo maligna type

J Am Acad Dermatol. 2021 May;84(5):1295-1301. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.10.023. Epub 2020 Oct 20.

Abstract

Background: There are no well-defined clinical factors to predict the risk of occult invasion in melanoma of the lentigo maligna type (LM) before complete histopathologic analysis.

Objective: To evaluate whether clinical size was a predictor of invasion in LM and subclinical extension.

Methods: Consecutive cases of LM were recorded in a prospectively maintained database from 2006 to 2019. Patient and tumor data were recorded during initial evaluation. The LM clinical area was calculated in square millimeters (length × width). All patients were treated with staged excision.

Results: We included 600 patients. The mean age was 65.9 years (standard deviation, 12.3; range, 27-95 years); 62.8% (n = 377) were men. The mean LM clinical area was 128.32 mm2 for in situ lesions versus 200.14 mm for invasive lesions (P = .1). Based on quantile regression, the median margin required for complete removal increased with LM clinical area.

Limitations: The study was performed in a tertiary cancer center with possible referral bias and more complex cases.

Conclusions: LM can present with variable clinical size, which may correlate with subclinical extension; however, the presence of invasion is not well estimated by LM clinical area.

Keywords: Breslow; head and neck; invasion; lentigo maligna; lentigo maligna melanoma; melanoma; prognosis.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Biopsy
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Hutchinson's Melanotic Freckle / diagnosis*
  • Hutchinson's Melanotic Freckle / pathology
  • Hutchinson's Melanotic Freckle / surgery
  • Male
  • Margins of Excision
  • Middle Aged
  • Mohs Surgery*
  • Neoplasm Invasiveness / diagnosis
  • Prognosis
  • Prospective Studies
  • Skin Neoplasms / diagnosis*
  • Skin Neoplasms / pathology
  • Skin Neoplasms / surgery
  • Tumor Burden