Objective: To examine the effects of protein supplementation on muscle mass, strength and function in individuals at risk of muscle wasting disorders.
Methods: A narrative overview of the literature based on a PubMed search.
Results: Increasing protein intake beyond the recommended dietary intake may prevent or attenuate muscle loss in people at risk of muscle wasting disorders; however, there is inconsistent evidence for any benefits on muscle strength or physical function. This is likely due to the significant heterogeneity and bias regarding baseline demographics, basal protein/energy intakes and protein supplement type, dose, timing and compliance.
Conclusion: Protein supplementation attenuates muscle loss in some populations at increased risk of muscle wasting, but there is no consistent evidence to support benefits on muscle strength or physical function. Further randomised controlled trials are needed that focus on whether there is an optimal type, dose and timing of protein intake, and potential interaction with other nutrients.
Keywords: comorbidities; muscle wasting; older adults; protein supplementation; sarcopenia.
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