Analysis of aging type- and aging time-related changes in the polar fraction of metabolome of beef by 1H NMR spectroscopy

Abstract

The tenderness and taste of beef is improved by either dry- or wet-aging or a combination of both. The objective was to develop a validated method for detecting differences in the polar fraction of metabolome in dry-aged and wet-aged beef over the aging time and quantifying the metabolites of interest by ¹H NMR spectroscopy using beef. Sixty strip loin (M. longissimus dorsi) samples aged in different ways (wet-aging vs. dry-aging) and aging times (0, 7, 14, 21, 28 days) were analyzed. The aging type could be defined by linear discriminant analysis with an accuracy of 95%. Ten (lactic acid, alanine, methionine, fumaric acid, inosine, inosine monophosphate, creatine, betaine, carnosine and hypoxanthine) out of eighteen metabolites differ significantly (p < 0.05) in content depending on the aging type. Fifteen metabolites in dry-aged and ten in wet-aged beef correlate with the aging time (r > 0.7, <-0.7), which shows significant aging time-related effects on the polar fraction of metabolome.

Keywords: Aging time; Aging type; Authenticity; Dry-aged beef; Metabolomics; NMR; Verification.