Comparing the Mini-FLOTAC and centrifugal faecal flotation for the detection of coccidia (Eimeria spp.) in kiwi (Apteryx mantelli)

Parasitol Res. 2020 Dec;119(12):4287-4290. doi: 10.1007/s00436-020-06912-z. Epub 2020 Oct 12.

Abstract

Coccidia (Eimeria spp.) in brown kiwi (Apteryx mantelli) cause significant morbidity and mortality in captive rearing facilities. Monitoring the abundance of this parasite in individual birds is crucial for successful management of kiwi. This research compares the abilities of centrifugal faecal flotations (CFF) and a modified Mini-FLOTAC protocol to detect oocysts. We hypothesised that the Mini-FLOTAC would detect higher oocyst counts. Kiwi dropping samples (n = 10) were homogenized in MgSO4 (SG 1.28) and oocyst counts made with CFFs and Mini-FLOTAC counting chambers, with three replicates for each method. For CFF, 0.5 g of droppings were examined using standard methods. Mini-FLOTAC counts were made using a modified sample preparation compared with the manufacturer's protocol but still used a 1:20 dilution of droppings. Oocysts were quantified using light microscopy at ×100-300 magnification. A linear mixed-effects model by REML showed that oocyst per gram estimates via the Mini-FLOTAC method were 3.2 times higher (95% CI 2.4-4.5, p < 0.01) than the CFF results. This increased detection likely represents a more accurate estimation of parasite shedding and should be considered for use in research or applications requiring more accuracy, cost-effectiveness, or accessibility than the CFF provides.

Keywords: Apicomplexa; Birds; Eimeria spp.; Faecal oocyst count; Mini-FLOTAC; Wildlife.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Bird Diseases / parasitology*
  • Coccidiosis / parasitology
  • Coccidiosis / veterinary*
  • Eimeria / physiology*
  • Feces / parasitology
  • Oocysts / physiology
  • Palaeognathae / parasitology*
  • Parasite Egg Count / methods
  • Parasite Egg Count / veterinary*
  • Specimen Handling