Nuclear Medicine in the diagnosis of pathologies of the spine: role of hybrid imaging

Abstract

Clinical problems in the human spine are still common in our society, often causing pain and can also limit movement. Back pain is a very common clinical entity, although difficult to diagnose due to its multifactorial nature. There are multiple processes that can alter the structure of the spine, injure vertebrae and/or the surrounding tissue. For the study of the spine, image diagnosis is essential, and within this, molecular hybrid techniques play an important role by providing us with an image of functional and morphological fusion. Among these, SPECT/CT is key in the diagnosis of traumatic and stress pathology, allowing us to locate hidden vertebral fractures, and is also very useful in degenerative and post-surgical pathology. On the other hand, PET/CT with 18F-FDG also plays an important role in the management and monitoring of infectious and oncological processes. This review describes the application of these hybrid techniques in the different pathologies of the spine and the findings of their images, being very useful for the diagnostic assessment and therapeutic management of the patient.

Keywords: (18)F-FDG PET/CT; (18)F-FDG PET/TC; Bone scan; Columna vertebral; Gammagrafía ósea; Hybrid image; Imagen híbrida; Patologías vertebrales; SPECT/CT; SPECT/TC; Spine; Vertebral pathologies.