Ethanol leaf extract of Psychotria microphylla rich in quercetin restores heavy metal induced redox imbalance in rats

O U Orji; J N Awoke; C Harbor; I O Igwenyi; O D Obasi; N N Ezeani; C Aloke

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04999

Ethanol leaf extract of Psychotria microphylla rich in quercetin restores heavy metal induced redox imbalance in rats

Heliyon. 2020 Oct 1;6(9):e04999. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04999. eCollection 2020 Sep.

Authors

O U Orji¹, J N Awoke¹, C Harbor¹, I O Igwenyi¹, O D Obasi², N N Ezeani¹, C Aloke²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Biochemistry, Ebonyi State University, PMB, 053, Abakaliki, Nigeria.
² Department of Medical Biochemistry, Alex-Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, PMB, 1010, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.

Abstract

Psychotria microphylla is a plant found in Africa and many parts of the world where the leaves are locally used in folk medicine for the treatment of toxicity related liver diseases. We investigated the antioxidant potentials of ethanol leaf extract of Psychotria microphylla (ELE-PM) in restoring hepatic redox dysregulations in rats exposed to heavy metals. HPLC was used in quantifying the bioactive compounds in ELE-PM. DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2 picrylhydrazyl), FRAP (Ferric reducing antioxidant power) and NO (Nitric Oxide) assays were used for in vitro studies. The in vivo studies involved 30 rats randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 6). Group 1 received normal saline (2 mg/kg), group 2, 3, 4 and 5 received a combined solution of Pb(NO₃)₂ (11.25 mg/kg) and HgCl₂ (0.4 mg/kg) respectively. After 7 days of heavy metal exposure, groups 3, 4 and 5 received a daily bolus administration of 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg body weight of EE-PM respectively through oral intubation for 28 days. HPLC quantification revealed a high amount of quercetin (27.43 ± 0.04 mg/100g), lower amounts of gallic acid (7.60 ± 0.06 mg/100g) and rutin (0.38 ± 0.009 mg/100g). Additionally, ELE-PM demonstrated strong inhibitory potentials against free radical scavenging activity generated in vitro. More interestingly, administration of ELE-PM significantly ameliorated hepatic redox dysregulations elicited by the exposure of the rats to heavy metals in a dose dependent pattern. ELE-PM is highly rich in flavonoid compound quercetin and perhaps this may be responsible for the strong antioxidant potentials exhibited in this investigation.

Keywords: Alternative medicine; Antioxidant; Biochemistry; HPLC; Heavy metals; Oxidative stress; Pathophysiology; Pharmaceutical science; Pharmacology; Psychotria microphylla; Toxicology.