Background: The complement factor H antibody (CFH-Ab)-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) forms a distinct subgroup within the complement-mediated HUS disease spectrum. The autoimmune nature of this HUS subgroup implies the potential benefit of a targeted immunosuppressive therapy. Data on long-term outcome are scarce.
Methods: This observational study evaluates the clinical outcome of 19 pediatric CFH-Ab HUS patients from disease onset until their 5-year follow-up.
Results: All but one relapse occurred during the first 2 years, and patients who had no relapse within the first 6 months were relapse-free until the end of the observation period. Kidney function at disease onset determines long-term kidney function: all individuals with normal kidney function at disease onset had normal kidney function after 5 years, and all patients with reduced kidney function at onset had impaired kidney function at the last follow-up. Level of CFH-Ab titer at disease onset was not correlated with a higher risk of recurrences or worse long-term outcome after 5 years. Resolution of CFH-Ab titers after 5 years was common.
Conclusions: CFH-Ab HUS patients have a varied overall long-term course. Early relapses are common, making close surveillance during the first years essential, regardless of the initial CFH-Ab titer.
Keywords: CFH-Ab; Hemolytic uremic syndrome; Immunosuppressive therapy.