Clinical evaluation of rapid 3D print-formed implants for surgical reconstruction of large cranial defects

ANZ J Surg. 2021 Jun;91(6):1226-1232. doi: 10.1111/ans.16361. Epub 2020 Oct 5.

Abstract

Background: To clinically evaluate 3D print-formed implant process, using cranioplasty as a proof of concept, to examine its effectiveness and utility as a method of intraoperative implant fabrication.

Methods: Twelve patients had a 3D print-formed template created for patient-specific implant manufacture. Of these patients, 10 received intraoperatively formed polymethylmethacrylate cranioplasty implants between 2013 and 2019. The 3D print-formed implant templates produced to manufacture these patient-specific implants were generated using patient computed tomography scans and 3D printed using fused deposition modelling technology. Cosmetic and functional results were determined by participating surgeons, in conjunction with a patient questionnaire.

Results: The functional results and stability of the implants were deemed to be favourable by participating surgeons. Three of the 10 patients completed a post-cranioplasty survey, all of whom judged their cosmetic results as good or excellent. At time of writing, the rate of surgical revision was zero and without clinically adverse outcomes.

Conclusions: 3D print-formed implants are an effective method of patient-specific implant formation.

Keywords: 3D print-formed; 3D printing; Templating; additive manufacturing; cranioplasty; neurosurgery; polymethylmethacrylate; rapid prototyping.

MeSH terms

  • Humans
  • Plastic Surgery Procedures*
  • Polymethyl Methacrylate
  • Printing, Three-Dimensional*
  • Prostheses and Implants
  • Skull / diagnostic imaging
  • Skull / surgery

Substances

  • Polymethyl Methacrylate